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Y. Gambal, M.B. B.CH. B.A.O., M.B.B.Ch., Ph.D.

Associate Professor, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine

Does perioperative outcome of transurethral holmium laser enucleation of the prostate depend on prostate size women's health clinic newark ohio effective capecitabine 500mg. The relationships of urethral and pelvic floor muscles and the urethral pressure measurements in women with stress urinary incontinence womens health blog discount capecitabine 500mg otc. Analysis of the pathophysiology of lower urinary tract symptoms in patients after prostatectomy menstrual jelly like blood generic capecitabine 500mg without a prescription. Botulinum A toxin urethral injection for the treatment of lower urinary tract dysfunction menopause urinary tract infections capecitabine 500 mg for sale. Clinical effects of suburothelial injection of botulinum A toxin on patients with nonneurogenic detrusor overactivity refractory to anticholinergics. Clinical prostate score for diagnosis of bladder outlet obstruction by prostate measurements and uroflowmetry. Pathophysiology of lower urinary tract symptoms in aged men without bladder outlet obstruction. Page 126 114420 100120 109520 154500 106280 140500 140510 155740 107670 163850 136670 133040 128980 161480 139680 103450 127350 September 2010 Appendix 3: Master Bibliography American Urological Association, Inc. Investigation of dysfunctional voiding in children with urgency frequency syndrome and urinary incontinence. Therapeutic effect of multiple resiniferatoxin intravesical instillations in patients with refractory detrusor overactivity: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled study. Combined transurethal resection and vaporization of the prostate using newly designed electrode: a promising treatment alternative for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Randomized study of transurethral resection of the prostate and combined transurethral resection and vaporization of the prostate as a therapeutic alternative in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Noninvasive management of lower urinary tract symptoms and sexual dysfunction associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia in the primary care setting. Efficacy and safety of alfuzosin 10 mg once daily in the treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia. Determination of serum prostate-specific antigen-alpha1-antichymotrypsin complex for diagnosis of prostate cancer in Japanese cases. Interstitial laser coagulation versus transurethral prostate resection for treating benign prostatic obstruction: a randomized trial with 2year follow-up. Recruitment for a clinical trial of drug treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Page 127 126080 140550 110680 161930 118140 125110 101650 123820 118590 127860 136120 152820 111800 116040 117930 151630 September 2010 Appendix 3: Master Bibliography American Urological Association, Inc. Laparoscopic and robotic complex uppertract reconstruction in children with a duplex collecting system. Thrombospondin-1, vascular endothelial growth factor expression and their relationship with p53 status in prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Adjuvant systemic chemotherapy in the treatment of patients with invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract. Single bolus antithymocyte globulin versus basiliximab induction in kidney transplantation with cyclosporine triple immunosuppression: efficacy and safety. Doxazosin and terazosin suppress prostate growth by inducing apoptosis: clinical significance. Tubular dysfunction after peritonectomy and chemohyperthermic treatment with cisplatin. Interstitial laser coagulation and biodegradable self-expandable, self-reinforced poly-L-lactic and poly-L-glycolic copolymer spiral stent in the treatment of benign prostatic enlargement. Expansion and bioabsorption of the self-reinforced lactic and glycolic acid copolymer prostatic spiral stent. Prostate cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia and physical activity in Shanghai, China. Comparison of the zones of the human prostate with the seminal vesicle: morphology, immunohistochemistry, and cell kinetics. Interstitial laser coagulation treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: is it to be recommended. Baseline prostatic specific antigen does not predict the outcome of high energy transurethral microwave thermotherapy. Changing aspects in the evaluation and treatment of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Long-term treatment with finasteride in men with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia: 10-year follow-up.

For information on the pharmacokinetics of individual flavonoids present in asparagus women's health clinic university of kentucky buy discount capecitabine 500mg online, see flavonoids women's health center fort wayne cheap capecitabine 500 mg, page 186 breast cancer walk capecitabine 500mg cheap. Constituents Asparagus contains saponins called asparagosides breast cancer prognosis order capecitabine 500 mg with amex, steroidal glycosides, asparagusic acid and its derivatives, flavonoids (including rutin, kaempferol and quercetin) and various amino acids and polysaccharides. Interactions overview No interactions with asparagus found; however, note that asparagus contains a moderate amount of vitamin K and may therefore reduce the effectiveness of warfarin and other similar anticoagulants if eaten in large quantities. For information on the interactions of individual flavonoids present in asparagus, see under flavonoids, page 186. Use and indications the root and green parts of asparagus have been used as a diuretic, laxative, cardiac tonic and sedative. The young 44 Asparagus 45 Asparagus + Food No interactions found, but note that asparagus is extensively used as a foodstuff. Asparagus + Warfarin and related drugs Patients taking coumarins and indanediones should avoid taking excessive amounts of asparagus because of its vitamin K1 content. Evidence, mechanism, importance and management Asparagus1 contains a moderate amount of vitamin K1, which reduces the effect of coumarin and indanedione anticoagulants, which are vitamin K antagonists. Patients taking these anticoagulants are advised to maintain a regular amount of vitamin K from the diet. A Astragalus Astragalus membranaceus Bunge (Fabaceae) Synonym(s) and related species Huang qi. Not to be confused with the pharmaceutical excipient, tragacanth (Astragalus gummifer). Pharmacokinetics Few data are available, but in a study in one healthy subject, who was given astragalus root decoction orally twice daily before meals of bread and honey for 5 days, urine samples were found to contain calycosin and formononetin and various isoflavonoid glucuronide metabolites. These data, and data from in vitro studies, demonstrate that the isoflavones in astragalus could be absorbed and metabolised by the intestine. Isoflavones are also present, mainly glycosides of calycosin and formononetin, with astrapterocarpan, kumatakenin and numerous hydroxyl and methoxyl derivatives of pterocarpan and isoflavan, and a series of polysaccharides known as astragaloglucans. Interactions overview Astragalus appears to alter the immune response, but the effect this has on treatment with interleukins, interferons, antiretrovirals and antineoplastics does not appear to be established. For information about the interactions of individual isoflavones present in astragalus, see under isoflavones, page 258. Absorption and metabolism of Astragali radix decoction: in silico, in vitro, and a case study in vivo. Use and indications Astragalus is traditionally used in Chinese medicine as a tonic to strengthen the immune system, for viral infections, fatigue and loss of blood. It is now used as a liver protectant, an adjunct in chemotherapy and impaired immunity, and for 46 Astragalus 47 Astragalus + Antineoplastics Astragalus improved the response to chemotherapy with mitomycin, a vinca alkaloid and cisplatin in one study. Limited experimental data suggest that astragalus may diminish the immunosuppressant effects of cyclophosphamide. This suggests that astragalus reversed the immunosuppressant effect of cyclophosphamide. Importance and management the preclinical and preliminary clinical evidence suggests that astragalus might have immunomodulating activity and effects on blood cell production, and might therefore have beneficial effects if it is given with antineoplastics. Some have interpreted the preclinical data showing increased rejection of a xenograft2 as suggesting that astragalus might decrease the effects of immunosuppressive therapy, and recommend caution with the combination. Reversal of cyclophosphamide-induced immune suppression by administration of fractionated Astragalus membranaceus in vivo. Mechanisms by which Astragalus membranaceus injection regulates hematopoiesis in myelosuppressed mice. Extract of astragalus membranaceus and ligustrum lucidum does not prevent cyclophosphamide-induced myelosuppression. Forty patients receiving the herbs had a significantly greater decline in viral load than 20 patients receiving placebo. Mechanism Unknown, although many in vitro studies have shown that astragalus has immunostimulating effects. Because the herbal product used contained three different herbs, a beneficial effect for a combination of astragalus and antiretroviral drugs is still far from proven. A Astragalus + Cytokines Preliminary evidence suggests that astragalus may be beneficial when given with interferon-alfa or interleukin-2. Clinical evidence In a controlled study in 235 patients, astragalus appeared to act synergistically with interferon-alfa for the topical treatment of chronic cervicitis associated with viral infection.

When betacarotene was stopped menstruation yahoo cheap capecitabine 500 mg visa, its clearance was delayed in the baboons fed alcohol breast cancer 3 day walk atlanta buy discount capecitabine 500 mg on line. It has therefore been suggested that alcohol interferes with the conversion of betacarotene to vitamin A menstrual cramps 7 days before period order capecitabine 500mg. It appears that the long-term intake of alcohol causes some changes in betacarotene disposition women's health clinic perth northbridge purchase 500 mg capecitabine with amex, and it would therefore seem sensible to try to limit alcohol intake if betacarotene supplementation is necessary. Effects of supplemental -carotene, cigarette smoking, and alcohol consumption on serum carotenoids in the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study. Interaction of ethanol with -carotene: delayed blood clearance and enhanced hepatotoxicity. Alcohol, vitamin A, and -carotene: adverse interactions, including hepatotoxicity and carcinogenicity. Importance and management the clinical significance of this study is unclear as there appear to be no published case reports of any adverse effects due to this interaction. Furthermore, a decrease in ciclosporin levels of 24% is fairly modest, and other studies have found that vitamin C 1 g daily and vitamin E 300 mg daily may slightly decrease ciclosporin levels, so the potential for a clinically significant interaction with betacarotene alone is unclear. However, until more is known it may be prudent to consider an interaction with betacarotene if a sudden or unexplained reduction in stable ciclosporin levels occurs. More study is needed, particularly with regard to the concurrent use of standard, commercially available, multivitamin preparations. Effects of antioxidant supplementation on blood cyclosporin A and glomerular filtration rate in renal transplant recipients. B Betacarotene + Cimetidine An interaction between betacarotene and cimetidine is based on experimental evidence only. Experimental evidence In an animal study, rats were given intragastric alcohol to induce mucosal damage. When the rats were pretreated with betacarotene 1 mg/kg, the number of mucosal lesions was decreased by 63%. However, when cimetidine 50 mg/kg was given with the betacarotene, 30 minutes before the alcohol, the damaging effects of the alcohol appeared to be enhanced. Importance and management this is a relatively old study and there do not appear to be any clinical reports in the literature. Furthermore the dose of betacarotene used is roughly 10-fold greater than the recommended daily intake of betacarotene. Betacarotene + Ciclosporin A study in 10 kidney transplant recipients found that an antioxidant vitamin supplement containing betacarotene modestly reduced ciclosporin blood levels. Clinical evidence A randomised placebo-controlled study, in 10 kidney transplant recipients taking ciclosporin, found that the addition of an antioxidant vitamin supplement for 6 months containing vitamin C 500 mg, vitamin E 400 units and betacarotene 6 mg daily reduced the ciclosporin blood level by 24%. An associated improvement in renal function, indicated by an increase in glomerular filtration rate of 17%, was also seen and may have been associated with reduced ciclosporin levels. Betacarotene + Colchicine the desired effect of betacarotene supplementation may be reduced in those taking colchicine. Colchicine causes reversible malabsorption in the gastrointestinal tract by disturbing epithelial cell function 64 Betacarotene Importance and management There appears to be only one study investigating the effects of betacarotene on treatment with lipid lowering drugs; however, the study was well designed, long term, and large. Antioxidant supplementation including betacarotene appears to suppress the beneficial effects of the combined treatment of simvastatin and nicotinic acid on high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, higher levels of which reduce the risk of major cardiovascular events. The authors suggest that their results indicate that the use of antioxidants to prevent cardiovascular events should be questioned. What this means for patients taking lower therapeutic doses of betacarotene (recommended daily intake is about 6 mg daily, about one-quarter of the dose used in the study) is unclear. Therefore, until more is known it would seem prudent to avoid concurrent use, unless there is a clear defined clinical need for betacarotene supplementation. The use of colestyramine and probucol appears to lower betacarotene levels, but the clinical importance of this does not appear to have been established. Simvastatin and niacin, antioxidant vitamins, or the combination for the prevention of coronary disease. All these factors could have an effect on the absorption of betacarotene, which largely takes place in the gastrointestinal mucosa and the distribution of which is dependent on the presence of lipoproteins. B Importance and management the evidence for a possible interaction between betacarotene and colchicine is limited to two relatively old studies. While supplemental betacarotene absorption appears to be reduced, betacarotene ingested as part of the normal diet appears to be unaffected. Based on these two findings, and the fact that there is large interindividual variation in betacarotene absorption, it is difficult to recommend a clinical course of action other than to be aware that the desired effect of betacarotene supplementation may be reduced in those taking colchicine.

The rash itself is usually not present on the face menstruation etymology generic capecitabine 500mg otc, but there is often flushing of the face except for the area around the mouth (circumoral pallor) menopause labs 500mg capecitabine visa. In the early stages of the disease women's health center chicago generic 500mg capecitabine otc, the tongue may have swollen papillae protruding through a white coating (white "strawberry" Clinical Findings A breast cancer october 500mg capecitabine. Symptoms and Signs the hallmark of roseola is the abrupt onset of high fever, often 39. Mild signs of upper respiratory infection may be seen, but there are no diagnostic signs. Differential Diagnosis In the early stages of the disease, many children with high fever and seizures are admitted to the hospital for workup of suspected meningitis or sepsis. Lesions usually begin on the trunk or head but eventually can involve the entire body. The classic lesion is a pruritic erythematous macule that develops a clear central vesicle. New lesions develop daily for 3-7 days, and typically lesions are scattered over the body in various states of evolution at the same time. The infection is contagious from the onset of the prodrome until the last of the lesions has crusted over. Complications Rare cases of encephalitis or fulminant hepatitis have been reported. Unless the patient develops one of the rare complications listed earlier, roseola is a benign, self-limited infection. Varicella (Chickenpox) Differential Diagnosis Varicella usually presents as an unmistakable clinical picture, but the rash may be missed in children with mild disease. Complications In immunocompetent children, the most common complication is bacterial superinfection of the lesions, causing cellulitis or impetigo. Other, more serious complications are most common in children younger than 5 years or adults older than 20 years of age. Varicella pneumonia is uncommon in healthy children; it usually resolves after 1-3 days but may progress to respiratory failure in rare cases. General Considerations Approximately 90% of adults in the United States have serologic evidence of varicella infection, whether they have had clinically apparent disease or not. After resolution of the initial infection, the virus produces a latent infection in the dorsal root ganglia. Treatment Treatment is ordinarily symptomatic, including antipruritic medications if needed. Patients with signs of disseminated varicella, such as encephalitis and pneumonia, should be treated with intravenous acyclovir. The vaccine is given in two doses-the first between 12 and 18 months of age, and the second between 4 and 6 years of age. Varicella-zoster immune globulin can help prevent infection Prognosis Varicella is normally a benign, self-limited disease. Erythema Infectiosum (Fifth Disease) Treatment & Prognosis There is no known treatment for this disease. Rash begins as erythema of cheeks, then becomes more generalized-macular at first, then reticular. Children are infectious during the prodromal stage, which is inapparent or mild and usually indistinguishable from an upper respiratory infection. The rash is an immune-mediated phenomenon that occurs after the infection, so children with the rash are not infectious and should not be restricted from school or other activities. General Considerations Atopic dermatitis is a common skin disorder in children, affecting 10%-15% of the population. It appears during the first year of life in 60% of cases and during the first 5 years in 85%. It has a strong association, both in the individual and in families, with allergic rhinitis and asthma, and is classified as an atopic disorder. Clinical Findings Erythema infectiosum begins with a prodromal stage of upper respiratory symptoms, headache, and low-grade fever. Shortly afterward, the rash becomes generalized over the body, initially as a faint erythematous, often confluent, macular rash. In the third stage, the central regions of the macules clear, leaving a distinctive faint reticular rash.

Lycopene inhibits disease progression in patients with benign prostate hyperplasia womens health kaiser roseville 500mg capecitabine with amex. Novel role for alpha1-adrenergic receptor subtypes in lower urinary tract symptoms menstrual exercises purchase 500mg capecitabine mastercard. Molecular pharmacology of human alpha1-adrenergic receptors: unique features of the alpha 1a-subtype breast cancer oncologist cheap 500mg capecitabine overnight delivery. Use of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor for prevention of urethral strictures secondary to transurethral resection of the prostate menstruation japanese word buy generic capecitabine 500 mg. Histopathological aspects associated with the diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia: clinical implications. Comparison of the percent free prostate-specific antigen levels in the serum of healthy men and in men with recurrent prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy. Three-dimensional grayscale ultrasound: evaluation of prostate cancer compared with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Serum levels of the adipokine vaspin in relation to metabolic and renal parameters. Page 212 137490 137320 123260 139800 105160 161690 100060 113080 121480 103710 150310 112610 122520 115020 118030 156140 120960 September 2010 Appendix 3: Master Bibliography American Urological Association, Inc. Repeated intensification of lower urinary tract symptoms in the patient with benign prostatic hyperplasia during bisoprolol treatment. Morphological and biological predictors for treatment outcome of transurethral microwave thermotherapy. Predictives regarding outcome after transurethral resection for prostatic adenoma associated with detrusor underactivity. Holmium laser enucleation for prostatic adenoma: analysis of learning curve over the course of 70 consecutive cases. Analysis of prognostic factors regarding the outcome after a transurethral resection for symptomatic benign prostatic enlargement. How many uncomplicated male and female overactive bladder patients reveal detrusor overactivity during urodynamic study. Transurethral radiofrequency thermal ablation of prostatic tissue: a feasibility study in humans. The development and validation of a quality-of-life measure to assess partner morbidity in benign prostatic enlargement. Trends in repeat prostatectomy after surgery for benign prostate disease: application of record linkage to healthcare outcomes. Congenital megalourethra: outcome after prenatal diagnosis in a series of 4 cases. Drug resistance in prostate cancer cell lines is influenced by androgen dependence and p53 status. Influence of p53 and bcl-2 on chemosensitivity in benign and malignant prostatic cell lines. Diagnostic approach to prostate cancer using total prostate specific antigen-based parameters together. Immunophenotype of infiltrating cells in protocol renal allograft biopsies from tacrolimus-versus cyclosporine-treated patients. Open prostatectomy for benign prostatic enlargement in southern Europe in the late 1990s: a contemporary series of 1800 interventions. Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the male urethra in association with socalled nephrogenic metaplasia. Efficient diagnostic test sequence: applications of the probability-modifying plot. Re: A double-blind randomized controlled trial and economic evaluation of transurethral resection vs contact laser vaporization for benign prostatic enlargement: a 3year follow-up. Erectile dysfunction: an underdiagnosed condition associated with multiple risk factors. Cardiac failure and benign prostatic hyperplasia: management of common comorbidities. Transcutaneous electrovesicogram in normal volunteers and patients with interstitial cystitis, neurogenic bladder, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and after cystectomy. Usefulness of basal cell cocktail (34betaE12 + p63) in the diagnosis of atypical prostate glandular proliferations. Comparison of the basal cell-specific markers, 34betaE12 and p63, in the diagnosis of prostate cancer.